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The first quarter of the new year is over and we are happy to share the quarterly portfolio performance with you as usual.

Performance wise, the picture has not changed much since the last update; around 75 % of the amount disbursed in the last four years by the current providers* has been fully repaid, 22 % is being repaid on time, 1 % is being repaid late, and net defaults are still kept below 2 %. In terms of volume, this quarter has been slower than the previous two with close to 830,000 euro disbursed. It is worth noting, however, that although the growth trend from last year did not continue, this is still the third best quarter in three years when looking at amount disbursed.

Performance Current Providers

Portfolio Performance – current providers (click to enlarge)

The Portfolio Performance Graph above shows the performance of loans disbursed since 2010 divided by quarter of disbursement. The colour blue shows funds that have already been repaid, green shows amounts that are being repaid on time, yellow indicates the balances on loans that are currently more than 30 days late, while red shows the net defaulted principal (i.e. defaulted principal less recoveries).

In relation to the profit & loss, investors have been affected by the weakening of the East African currencies relative to the Euro over the last 6 months which has translated into significant currency losses, especially on loans disbursed in the third quarter of 2012. These losses have nevertheless been covered by interest earned and a good portion of the loans is still outstanding (i.e. the net currency effects may still change). The new currency losses are reflected in the overall result as the the net return is now positive at 1.5 % on loans disbursed by the current providers in the last four years, down from 1.7 % in the previous quarter.

Profit & Loss Current Providers

Profit & Loss – current providers (click to enlarge)

The Profit & Loss graph above shows the current result on loans disbursed since 2010 divided by quarter of disbursement. The colour green shows the earned interest, the red indicates the net defaults (i.e. defaulted principal less recoveries), and the purple shows the net realised currency gains or losses.

For loans disbursed in 2013, there have so far been very minimal currency effects. As can be seen from the graphs below, the three main East African currencies started depreciating relative to the Euro around August last year and continued to do so until February 2013. Over the last two months, however, they have started strengthening again. In 2011, the shillings went through a somewhat similar development which was described in more detail in the blog posts As the Shillings Slide… and The Recovery of the Shilling, but the extent and implications of the slide in 2011 by far exceeded the recent developments (e.g. the Kenyan shilling was at 146 shs to 1 euro at its worst in November 2011 compared to 121 in February 2013). Remember that all currencies are updated on a weekly basis on MYC4 and can be found on the country pages.

Kenya shilling (KES) relative to the Euro

EUR-UGX

Ugandan shilling (UGX) relative to the Euro

EUR-TZS

Tanzanian shilling (TZS) relative to the Euro

While MYC4′s total outstanding loan balance (OLB) grew steadily each quarter in 2012, the OLB remained stable in the first quarter of 2013, closing at 2.25 million euro in more than 4300 active loans. The country concentration has shifted slightly so that Kenya now holds the majority of the portfolio (41%) with Uganda as a close second (37%) and Tanzania growing its significance slowly (now at 16%). The portfolio at risk above 30 days (PAR30) remains below the 5 % target which it has been for five consecutive quarters now. 

* Current Providers: GrowthAfrica, Gatsby Microfinance Ltd, Micro Africa Ltd, Premier Resource Consulting, Tujijenge Tanzania, Fusion Capital Ltd, Makao Mashinani Ltd, Tujijenge Uganda, BELITA, KEEF, Yehu Microfinance Trust, SISDO, Fanikiwa Microfinance Company Ltd., and Mtaji Credit Facility Ltd.

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We start the new year with our usual quarterly look at the MYC4 portfolio performance.

The final quarter of 2012 was the strongest in three years in terms of volume with more than 1,075,000 euro disbursed. The positive growth trend of the previous three quarters thus continued which is clearly illustrated in the graph below. It is positive to note that the performance of the portfolio continues to be very strong. Around 73 % of the amounts disbursed in the last three years by the current providers has been paid back, 24 % is being paid back on time, 1.5 % is being repaid late, and net defaults are still kept below 2 %.

Portfolio Performance Q4 2012

Portfolio performance – current providers (click to enlarge)

The Portfolio Performance Graph above shows the performance of loans disbursed since 2010 divided by quarter of disbursement. The colour blue shows funds that have already been repaid, green shows amounts that are being repaid on time, yellow indicates the balances on loans that are currently more than 30 days late, while red shows the net defaulted principal (i.e defaulted principal less recoveries).

The net return is positive at 1.7 % on loans disbursed by the current providers in the last three years. This is a small decline from the previous quarter’s 1.9 %, yet it is still up from 1.2 % in Q2 and -0,1 % in Q1. As a new key indicator, we have calculated the Return on Investment (RoI) for each of our active countries. The RoI is calculated as the result after defaults, interest, and currency divided by the total invested amount. This is quite a basic calculation which makes it possible to compare the performance of each country irrespective of portfolio distribution. The calculation is based on 4,434 loans that have all been either repaid or defaulted, thus making the figure a realised return – as opposed to the net result which is also based on loans still repaying. The overall RoI, as well as the country breakdown, is depicted in the graph below.

RoI 2012 Q4, incl. overall

Return on Investment (RoI) – current providers (click to enlarge)

The RoI Graph above shows the realised investor return on loans disbursed since 2010 divided by quarter of disbursement. It is calculated as the result (interest, net defaulted principal, and currency gains/losses) divided by the total invested amount on loans fully repaid or defaulted.  

It is clear from the RoI graph that the return is fairly dependent on currency fluctuations, especially in light of the realised currency gains/losses as can be seen in the profit & loss graph below. Investors have generally experienced currency losses on loans disbursed in 2010 as well as the first quarter of 2011, and subsequently received significant gains on loans disbursed in the second half of 2011. There have so far been some currency losses on the portfolio disbursed in 2012, but more than half of this portfolio is still outstanding and thus it is too early to know how this part of the portfolio will develop in the months to come. When looking at the country breakdown in the RoI graph, loans in Ghana and Kenya have been relatively unprofitable – although Kenya has improved lately – while Uganda, Rwanda and Tanzania have performed well when observing this over a three year span. (Note that the currency history for each of the five countries is updated on a weekly basis on the MYC4 platform and can be found under the country profiles.)

Profit & Loss – current providers (click to enlarge)

Profit & Loss – current providers (click to enlarge)

The Profit & Loss graph above shows the current result on loans disbursed since 2010 divided by quarter of disbursement. The colour green shows the earned interest, the red indicates the net defaults (i.e. defaulted principal less recoveries), and the purple shows the net realised currency gains or losses.

With the increased volume on the platform in 2012, the outstanding loan balance (OLB) has been on an upward trend throughout the year. More precisely, the OLB grew from 1.2 million in January 2012 to more than 2.2 million in December. The concentration of the portfolio has at the same time improved so that 40 % is now in Uganda (down from 50 % in Q3), 37 % is in Kenya (up from 30 %), and 15 % is now in Tanzania. It is expected that the portfolio in Tanzania will grow further this quarter to achieve an even better distribution between our three focus countries. Finally, the Portfolio at Risk above 30 days (PAR30) stayed below the 5 % target (industry best practice) for the fourth quarter in a row. The two graphs below show the development of the portfolio size and quality.

All in all, the portfolio has performed very satisfactorily in 2012 both in terms of growth and quality. We will be back in a couple of days with a look at the challenges and opportunities for 2013.

OLB 2012 Q4

MYC4 OLB (click to enlarge)

PAR30 - current providers (click to enlarge)

PAR30 – current providers (click to enlarge)

* Current Providers: GrowthAfrica, Gatsby Microfinance Ltd, Micro Africa Ltd, Premier Resource Consulting, Tujijenge Tanzania, Fusion Capital Ltd, Makao Mashinani Ltd, Tujijenge Uganda, BELITA, KEEF, Yehu Microfinance Trust, and SISDO.

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Another quarter has gone by so here is an update on MYC4′s Portfolio Performance.

The positive trend from the first half of the year continued in the third quarter of 2012: first of all, more than 950,000 euro was disbursed this quarter, thereby surpassing last quarter’s high volume of 800,000 euro by a significant margin; secondly, the net return on loans disbursed after Q2 2009 by the current providers* improved to 1.9 % after currency (up from 1.2 % in Q2 and -0.1% in Q1). Investors’ net result before currency also improved from 3.6% in Q2 to 3.9% in Q3; thirdly, the performance of the portfolio disbursed in the last three years by the current providers continues to be strong – around 73 % has so far been fully repaid, net defaults are kept below 2 %, and just 1 % is currently being repaid late (by more than 30 days).

Portfolio performance – current providers (click to enlarge)

The Portfolio Performance Graph above shows the performance of loans disbursed since 2010 divided by quarter of disbursement. The colour blue shows funds that have already been repaid, green shows amounts that are being repaid on time, yellow indicates the balances on loans that are currently more than 30 days late, while red shows the net defaulted principal (i.e defaulted principal less recoveries).

With regards to the effect of currency gains and losses, the picture has not changed a lot over the last three months: there have been significant losses on loans disbursed in 2010 and in the first quarter of 2011, the investors then experienced large gains on loans disbursed in the second half of 2011, and so far in 2012 the currency effects have been minimal (with the exception of Ghana).

Profit & Loss – current providers (click to enlarge)

The Profit & Loss graph above shows the current result on loans disbursed since 2010 divided by quarter of disbursement. The colour green shows the earned interest, the red indicates the net defaults (i.e. defaulted principal less recoveries), and the purple shows the net realised currency gains or losses.

On the less positive side, 110 loans of close to 220,000 euro cancelled due to lack of liquidity this quarter. The demand for loans on the platform was thus higher than the supply of capital for the third quarter in a row. The outstanding loan portfolio grew despite the liquidity constraints and we are now very close to reaching 2 million euro in outstanding loan balance (OLB) – see development in the graph below.

MYC4 OLB (click to enlarge)

The portfolio is largely concentrated in Uganda (50 %), but Kenya is growing (now at 30 %), and increased activity from Tujijenge Tanzania this quarter has likewise helped growing Tanzania’s share (12 %). The portfolio at risk above 30 days (PAR30) deteriorated slightly this quarter to close at 4.7 %, yet it was still below the 5 % target (industry best practice).

Other notable highlights from the third quarter includes SISDO joining as a new provider, a new balance sheet for investors, and MYC4 reaching loan number 10,000. To read previous updates on the portfolio performance, including the historical results, follow one of these links: Q2 2012, Q1 2012, Q4 2011, Q3 2011, Q2 2011, Q1 2011, 2010.

* Current Providers: GrowthAfrica, Gatsby Microfinance Ltd, Micro Africa Ltd, Premier Resource Consulting, Tujijenge Tanzania, Fusion Capital Ltd, Makao Mashinani Ltd, Tujijenge Uganda, BELITA, KEEF, Yehu Microfinance Trust, and SISDO.

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Portfolio at risk (PAR) refers to loans that are late in their repayments; it is the universal measure for quality of a loan portfolio. For computation of PAR, even when only a portion of the installment is late, the entire outstanding loan balance is assumed to be at risk. This is a strict and almost punitive way of assessing an MFI’s risk performance. The assumption is that a borrower that starts breaching the installment contract could easily fail to pay the entire amount. To arrive at the PAR figure, we divide the outstanding loan balances of all loans in arrears by the total outstanding loan balances. This figure is usually expressed as a percentage. The industry best practice standard for MFIs is PAR (30 days) of below 5%.

So why do borrowers delay in repaying their installments? Here is a non-exhaustive list:

  • The first and most significant is the loan assessment done by the MFIs. The saying goes; there are no bad borrowers, only bad lenders. The MFIs must strive to give the correct amount at the correct terms to economically viable businesses that are run by people of good character.
  • Diversion of loan funds by borrowers to projects that do not bring immediate returns or are very risky e.g. buying land, school fees, an opportunity to make a quick buck on an untested scheme etc.
  • Multiple borrowing that is not well planned. Entrepreneurs often believe that the only hindrance to their exponential growth is lack of funds. So, in a society without adequate credit information sharing, some entrepreneurs borrow funds from as many MFIs as they can.
  • Unforeseen and unavoidable circumstances beyond control of both borrower and MFI e.g. natural calamity, political strife, serious illness of key person
  • Character flaws in borrowers: Some borrowers will have loan repayment as low in priority to even buying luxury items; some borrowers like to test limits; some borrowers are simply conmen that had no intention of paying from the start.

Most MFIs adopt some carrot and stick approach with their borrowers towards managing delinquency. The carrots being the positive motivators such as: Rebates on total interest for loans that are repaid with a perfect record, lower interest in subsequent loans, graduation to higher loan amounts, recognition certificates. The stick being the punitive measures such as: late repayment penalties, blacklisting of borrowers, more stringent loan eligibility criteria. Client education on need for a good credit history is also critical.

Loan monitoring and follow-up is a critical element of an MFI. MFIs must thus invest in adequate MIS capable of giving an aged analysis of each loan. The MYC4 platform also serves as a supplemental MIS to our providers.

Follow-up of loans should be systematic. A wise man once said that it is not bright to use a hammer to kill a mosquito. Similarly MFIs must use adequate but varying pressure on borrowers, depending on the seriousness of each situation. You cannot put similar pressure on a borrower that is one day late as you would on one that is 30 days late. Using varying pressure on the borrowers is commonly referred to as the graduated terror method. The other element of systematic follow-up is escalation levels. The concept of escalation levels is two-fold: The first aspect on escalation levels is on verbal contact to the delinquent borrowers, which should be first done by a relatively junior ranking officer, with the next being a higher rank in case of no response. The second aspect is on formal written communication; which should range from a polite reminder to the more severe legal demand notices. The third element of systematic follow-up is that there should be an established procedure for follow-up that must be adhered to on all delinquent loans. Documentation of the follow-up efforts and the responses is very important.

Appraisal is the first defense against delinquency

The MFIs should strive to continually train/ educate their loan officers on risk mitigation. The loan officers should also be motivated through various incentives such as performance based recognition. Loan appraisals (assessment of borrower needs, character, and ability) must be thorough as they are the first defense against loan delinquency. Monitoring must be continual, with delinquent borrowers being contacted at the earliest opportunity (there should be sufficient focus on PAR 1, not just PAR 30).

The measure of last resort in the portfolio at risk management is enforcing of the MFIs right on collateral, among other legal mechanisms. The measures include repossession and auction of the collateral. Other legal options are such as: obtaining a court order against borrower for receivership, attachment of salary to pay debt, commitment to civil jail (this has been discarded in Kenya under new constitution).

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Another quarter has gone by so here is an updated report on the performance of the MYC4 portfolio (to read the previous performance post go to Portfolio Performance 1st Quarter 2012).

Total disbursement this quarter amounted to 801,850 euro which is the highest volume in more than 2.5 years and a growth of 10.5 % compared to the previous quarter. A total of 949 loans were disbursed. This was also the quarter where investors could choose from 200 open loans on the platform at the same time and where Yehu Microfinance Trust joined as a new MYC4 provider.

Portfolio Performance (by loans disbursed each quarter) – Current Providers

The good performance of the portfolio has continued: net defaults on loans disbursed in the last three years by the current providers* are kept at 2 % with around 75 % of this portfolio repaid to investors. When looking at loans disbursed in the last one year only, defaults are less than 0.15 % (3,029 euro) with around 41 % (1,072,919 euro) of the total portfolio repaid so far. These defaults are all from Growth Africa who is no longer an active provider.

Historical MYC4 PAR (click to enlarge)

The portfolio at risk (i.e. the outstanding balance on loans late by more than 30 days relative to the total outstanding loan balance) was 3.6 % at the end of the second quarter. This is an improvement from last quarter’s 5 % and it is now our best result since late 2008.

With defaults kept at an absolute minimum, the key factor determining investor returns is currency. Here it is positive to note that the East African currencies have remained fairly stable this year, especially in comparison with last year’s excessive fluctuations, and the currency losses realised on loans disbursed in the first quarter have so far been sufficiently covered by earned interest while loans from the second half of 2011 have brought large currency gains (see graph below). This is reflected in the net return: while it was -0.1 % after currency in the first quarter, the net return on loans disbursed after Q2 2009 by the current providers is at this point 1.2 % after currency. Investors’ return before currency has also improved, albeit modestly, from 3.5 % in Q1 to 3.6 % in Q2.

Profit & Loss (by loans disbursed each quarter) – Current Providers

The key challenge for the coming quarter is to continue the positive trend in terms of portfolio growth and quality. The current MYC4 providers have proven that the quality is there and that they also have the will to give investors a real opportunity to obtain a positive return (all MYC4 Providers have agreed to 100 % risk guarantees). With four new providers joining the platform in the last 10 months (Tujijenge Uganda, BELITA, KEEF, and Yehu Microfinance Trust) there is now a good scope for portfolio growth in terms of loan production.

Historical MYC4 OLB (click to enlarge)

On the investor side, more capital is needed on the platform to satisfy the demand for funding – in the second quarter alone, loans of more than 250,000 euro were cancelled in the bidding process due to lack of financing. Existing investors have nevertheless plenty of reason to be pleased with their efforts so far in 2012: the outstanding loan portfolio has grown from 1.2 million euro at the start of the year to 1.6 million at the end of this quarter. We hope to see this level of growth continue in Q3.

If you are yet to read about our quest to find more liquidity for the MYC4 platform, make sure to click here. If you want to read more about the 2007-2009 portfolio, go to one of our previous performance posts, e.g. Portfolio Performance 2010.

* Current Providers: GrowthAfrica, Gatsby Microfinance Ltd, Micro Africa Ltd, Premier Resource Consulting, Tujijenge Tanzania, Fusion Capital Ltd, Makao Mashinani Ltd, Tujijenge Uganda, BELITA, KEEF, and Yehu Microfinance Trust.

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We have had a good start to the year with a strong first quarter. A total of 725,000 euro was disbursed which is a growth of more than 40 % compared to the previous quarter. This growth is fully in line with our strategy for 2012 – described in more detail in the post 2012 – Challenges and Opportunities – and we aim to grow the volume further in the second quarter. To do so, we need more money on the MYC4 platform – make sure to read about our search for more liquidity here.

Portfolio Performance (by loans disbursed each quarter) - Current Providers

The quality of the portfolio disbursed by current providers after Q2 2009 continues to be good. So far, more than 73 % of 5.42 million has been fully repaid to investors while around 2 % has defaulted. The graph above shows the current performance of this portfolio (i.e. repaid, on time, late more than 30 days, defaulted) divided by quarter disbursed. The first quarter of 2012 ended with a portfolio at risk (PAR) above 30 days of 5 % which is the best result since late 2008 and our target in terms of quality.

With regards to the profit and loss, there have also been significant positive developments over the last three months. The East African currencies, especially the Kenyan and Ugandan shilling, seem to have stabilised, and MYC4 investors have in this process received net currency gains of 30,000 euro on loans disbursed in the second half of 2011 – thereby balancing out some of the losses from the first six months of last year. The net return for investors on loans disbursed by our current providers after Q2 2009 is now 3.5 % before currency and -0.1 % after currency. The chart below shows the profit and loss for each quarter (click to enlarge).

Profit & Loss (by loans disbursed each quarter) - Current Providers

Kindly note that the performance of the 2008/2009 portfolio has been analysed in detail in previous portfolio performance posts, see e.g Portfolio Performance 2010 and Portfolio Performance 2011: Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4.

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One of the interesting things about a loan portfolio is that you never truly know the quality of your work until your outstanding loans have been fully paid back. For MYC4, it means that we’ve had to remain cautiously optimistic over the last 2 years while following the significant improvements in our young (often referred to as “new”) portfolio.

The performance of the 2010 portfolio suggests that we can start to separate the two words and be cautious and optimistic instead of cautiously optimistic: Of the 1.8 million euro disbursed that year, more than 93 % has now been paid back to the investors, 4% is still paying back, and 3 % has been defaulted. See the chart below for a visual overview of the portfolio performance of MYC4′s current providers (click to enlarge).

Portfolio Performance (by loans disbursed each quarter) - Current Providers

In the last portfolio performance update we reported that while loans disbursed in the last two and a half years by our current providers continue to return more in interest than what is lost in defaults, currency losses were still affecting investors’ returns significantly. The net return before currency was then 3.5 % while the return after currency was -3.4 %. This picture has changed over the last quarter: the net return on the portfolio disbursed after Q2 2009 by our current providers is now 3.7 % before currency, and -0.6 % after currency. The chart below shows the profit and loss for each quarter (click to enlarge).

Profit & Loss (by loans disbursed each quarter) - Current Providers

It should be noted that a large portion of the currency gains come from the loan portfolio disbursed in the last two quarters of 2011 of which two thirds are still outstanding. It is therefore impossible to know at this point how the portfolio ultimately performs as it depends on the development of the African currencies relative to the euro. In terms of defaults, there are only 392 euro in net defaults from the 2011 portfolio so far (while 1.13 million euro has already been repaid).

The final graph includes the historical perspective by showing the performance of the entire MYC4 portfolio since the beginning. The performance of the 2008/2009 portfolio has been analysed in detail in the previous portfolio performance posts, particularly in the one focusing on 2010.

Portfolio Performance (by loans disbursed each quarter) - All Providers

Finally, as we have been reporting in the last couple of performance updates, our key focus in 2011 was to reduce the portfolio at risk (PAR), i.e. the part of the outstanding portfolio that is more than 30 days late, from 15 % in the beginning of the year to below 5 % by the end of Q4. While the target was not quite reached, our Providers made a real effort throughout the year and ended with a PAR of 8.81% . We will continue our focus on risk in 2012.

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It is time for the quarterly update on how loans made through MYC4 are doing in terms of repayments, defaults and currency. Follow these links for our previous overviews on Portfolio Performance 2010 and Portfolio Performance 1st Quarter 2011, and read on for an update on the numbers as of June 30th, 2011.

Loans from our current providers disbursed in the last two years have, on the average, returned more in interest than they have lost in defaults, and this portfolio shows a net return for investors of 3.3 % before currency. These gains have been reduced due to currency losses because of the continued weakening of the African currencies relative to the Euro. While we could report a net positive return of just under 1 % last quarter, the currency effects result in a negative return of -0.9% as of June 30th 2011 for the total portfolio disbursed since Q2 2009 by our current partners.

The performance of our partners has continued the positive trend that we reported earlier this year. At the partner conference in Nairobi in January, the partners all resolved to improve the MYC4 portfolio quality by reducing the Portfolio at Risk (PAR), i.e. the part of the outstanding portfolio that is more than 30 days late, from 15 % to below 5 % in 2011. At the end of Q1, the PAR was reduced to 11 % while Q2 ended with a PAR of 8 %.

 

All Partners

Portfolio Performance All Partners

This graph shows the status on June 30th, 2011 of all loans disbursed since the start of MYC4. It includes all partners, both those that are currently active and those that have been suspended. It shows what has happened to the money disbursed in each quarter – whether it has already been paid back (blue), still being paid back and on time (green), still being paid back but more than 30 days late (yellow), or defaulted (red).

While approximately 40% of the funds disbursed before Q3 2009 defaulted, there is a sustained improving trend for loans disbursed from Q4 2009. Of the funds disbursed in the first half of 2010 about 2% has defaulted so far and almost 94% of the portfolio for this period is either already repaid (90%) or repaying on schedule (4%) while 4% is late. Loans disbursed since mid-2010 are still too young to judge accurately, but more than 96% of the funds disbursed during this period are either repaid (44 %) or repaying on time (52 %).

The graph also illustrates that the volume of disbursements has been steady since Q2 2010 with around EUR 500,000 lent out in each quarter. This result is in line with MYC4’s strategic focus on improving the quality of the portfolio and reduction of risk rather than growing the volume.

 

Current Partners

The next graph shows the same data as the previous chart, but only for currently active partners (Growth Africa, Micro Africa, Fusion, Tujijenge, Gatsby, PRC, Makao Mashinani). Since portfolio performance is largely determined by partner quality, this chart may give a better basis for projecting future performance than the previous chart. Note that since no partners have been suspended since 2009, the 2010-11 numbers on this chart are identical to the previous chart.

Portfolio Performance Current Partners

The defaults within this portfolio are primarily due to two partners – Growth Africa and Gatsby who had some early problems, but are doing better now. In fact, Gatsby has continued to make significant progress on recoveries of defaulted loans with a 31% recovery rate to date (more than EUR 64,500 recovered). The overall performance of the loans disbursed by current partners since March 2009 is as follows: 70% repaid, 26% repaying on time, 2% late, and 2% defaulted.

Seen year-by-year there is a small improvement from loans disbursed in 2008 (15% default, 85% repaid) to loans disbursed in 2009 (7% default, 91% repaid, 2 % on time) and 2010 (1% defaulted so far, 77% repaid, 18 % paying on time, 4 % late). The 2011 portfolio is still young and some deterioration should be expected in the future, but so far 24 % is repaid, 75 % is on time, and 1 % is more than 30 days late.

The next two graphs include the effects of interest and currency to get the net return of the portfolio. The amount of interest earned on loans disbursed in each quarter is shown in green, the amount lost to defaults (less any recoveries) is shown in red, and currency gains or losses is shown in purple.

Ignoring the effects of currency for the moment, investments made through our current providers have gained more on interest than they have lost to defaults every quarter in the last nine quarters (illustrated in the chart below). Adding up the total portfolio disbursed since Q2 2009 by current providers shows a net return for investors of 3.3 % before currency.

Profit/Loss, excluding currency

The full picture once the effects of currency are included is less positive. As reported in the previous update, currency losses on the portfolio have been larger than the interest made by investors on the portfolio disbursed since Q2 2010. Unfortunately, this trend has continued in the second quarter of 2011 (see graph below). The currency effects therefore result in a negative return of -0.9% as at June 30th 2011 for the total portfolio disbursed since Q2 2009 by our current partners.

Profit/Loss, including currency

Thanks to our partners for what they have achieved in this period as to strengthening the portfolio. We will continue to focus on reducing risk and improving investor return in 2011, yet risk is inherent in our mission of funding un-banked and under-banked small businesses in Africa.

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