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Solomon, branch manager in Limuru for Micro Africa. Kevin from MYC4s office in Nairobi and MYC4 co-founder Mads Kjær

Solomon, branch manager in Limuru for Micro Africa. Kevin from MYC4s office in Nairobi and MYC4 CEO and co-founder Mads Kjær

We have fields of tea and coffee on both sides of the road, the hilly landscape is a dream, it’s lush and green, but it’s called the ”white highland”. The term derives from the British and other Europeans who settled here in large numbers establishing tea and coffee plantations during the colonial period. We are on our way to Limuru, we being MYC4 CEO and co-founder Mads Kjær, his wife Hanne, Kevin from the office in Nairobi and me.

We are going to visit a couple of borrowers and to have a chat with branch manager Solomon from Micro Africa’s office in Limuru, a town 30 miles from Nairobi and with all the micro finance institutions present. This branch has 880 active clients and half a million Euro in the loan book.  Solomon tells us about a relatively new type of loan, solar loans. Solar energy has a huge potential not only in Kenya but in most parts of Africa, but you need money to invest in products such as solar lamps and solar panels. In many areas kerosene is still the main source of energy, but it’s expensive and potentially dangerous. God knows how many children have been burnt on that account.  To get a solar loan with Micro Africa you have to have another loan to begin with. The loans are still mainly meant to motivate existing good borrowers.

Solomon is an optimistic branch manager, business is running smoothly, the biggest challenge being borrowers who use a loan to cover for another loan – and they also have to say no to 1-2 hopeful people every day if they are not transparent enough or can’t provide any security. There are still a lot of people out there who cannot get a loan.

We wish Solomon good luck, and together with two loan officers we head for the first client, Wilfred Kimichi Thungu, who has a big house and a nice garden outside Limuru. Wilfred is into yoghurt. He has his own brand, Wincy Yoghurt. He keeps it simple with two flavors, vanilla and strawberry. The milk comes from a dairy farm not far away, and Wilfred hires people with the skills to make the yoghurt. They produce when the demand is there, typically twice a week. He gets 1,5 Euro per liter out of which one third is profit for him. It is still a very small business, vulnerable too, but Wilfred is determined to take it higher. We’re standing in his kitchen, he’s not used to the fuss and the interest we take in him with all our questions. Right now his biggest wish is to be able to pasteurize his products, but he hasn’t got the money for that. He has a loan for 465 Euro but wanted more.

Wilfred in his kitchen where he makes the yoghurt.

Wilfred in his kitchen where he makes the yoghurt.

- Money is the problem, and all the bureaucracy to get started. Transportation can also be a challenge. It costs to have the milk brought here and to distribute the yoghurt. I do that by matatu (minibus), but up until recently I put it on my bike and pedaled my way around to the 12 customers in Limuru. We make 8-900 liter every month, but we could sell much more, Wilfred says.

Which reminds me of a visit I made earlier to a dairy farm in Karen outside Nairobi. The place and its products are called Eldoville. Both Wincy Yoghurt and Eldoville are good examples of how taste has changed in Kenya and of how more people can afford relatively expensive milk products such as cheese. Lucy Karuga who runs Eldoville told me that a few years back most Kenyans found cheese to taste like soap but that soon it will be a widespread household product (which is fine with me as long as ugali doesn’t becomes a regular guest in my fridge).

We leave Wilfred, impressed by his little business and his determination, but Mads Kjær stresses his vulnerability. – It would help a lot if he had a steady demand, he’s too dependent on random demand, he says. Let’s hope he makes it.

Our last stop today is at Leah Njeri Kimani’s place, a small farm. Leah borrowed 650 Euro to buy 300 chicks plus feed. It’s her first loan with Micro Africa and MYC4, she had a loan with Equity Bank before, but the interest was too high.  For the money she bought three different kinds of chicks to see which is best and produces most eggs, which she sells on the market. She has a total of 900 chicks, three cows and a clothes shop not far away. – I’m a business woman, she says. I think she likes saying that, it sounds of more than being a farmer. Suddenly a man shows up, he doesn’t look like a farmer at all. It’s Leah’s husband. I’m a pastor, he says shaking our hands. They show us around the modest homestead, every inch is being used for a purpose. Land is hard and expensive to come by, and when it’s passed down from generation to generation the plots get smaller and smaller for each member of the family. But that’s another story, and certainly the business woman and the pastor seem pleased with what they have.

Leah Njeri Kimani:I'm a business woman

Leah Njeri Kimani:I’m a business woman

We say goodbye and leave the couple and the peaceful countryside having once again met great people who make it all worthwhile.

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Meet Elizabeth Wanja Kamau, an energetic 34 year old mother of two. At the time we were going for the borrower spot-check, we found her quite busy by the roadside mobilizing some women in her local area of Nyando for a meeting with Mheshimiwa; an aspiring female member of parliament in her constituency. She confides to me and the SISDO loan officer who was accompanying me that she frequently is charged with the responsibility of welcoming political aspirants in her village as she is well known and also leads a number of women groups in her area. One can tell her charismatic nature just by looking at how she interacts with the other fellow villagers and the respect accorded to her by them, despite her youthful age.

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The great initiative that paid off

Elizabeth started her rentals business way back in 2003 when she took her first loan of 20,000 shs (€172) from SISDO. With this amount, she constructed her first two units. The units are located on plot of land her husband inherited from his parents when they passed away but unfortunately, he did not have the resources to develop it. She took the initiative to look for means of supplementing the income her husband brought home from his wages in a nearby construction firm. This led her to join one of SISDO’s women group in Kawangware area and that became the birth of her journey to financial sustainability.

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How did she use the loan?
Elizabeth currently has 21 housing units to her credit and plans to add more as soon as she clears her outstanding loan and takes up another loan. Elizabeth used the MYC4 loan advanced of 96,118.5 shs (€922) to purchase iron sheets and other building material so that she could add three more housing units to her existing ones. When MYC4 together with a SISDO loan officer visited, the three housing units were complete and had already been occupied. In her neighborhood, the demand for housing is very high compared to other similar regions around Nairobi.

Some of Wanja's Rental Units

Some of Wanja’s Rental Units

The houses are booked for occupation as early as when the floors of the houses are under construction which kind of explains the soaring demand. In contrast, these units do not have flowing tap water, water is obtained at a subsidized fee from a borehole near the chief’s office. Electricity is rationed such that it is only available to the tenants on Sundays and only up to 6pm in the evening. Despite these seeming limitations, the units are always fully occupied.

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Challenges

Challenges faced when constructing such houses is disturbance from the city council officials who demand to be paid a ‘fee’ to allow such construction to go on unperturbed. In addition the cost of building material is constantly on an upward trend whereas it is not possible to pass on these costs regularly to the tenants as the rent will become unaffordable.

So far, Wanja has not faced any difficulties repaying the loan since the rental income is steady as it comes in every other month and her units are always full. She however engages in careful planning of her income so that her family’s welfare is well taken care of and most importantly the education of her two children. Elizabeth takes pride in her “little achievement” as she describes it and her future plans are to buy a parcel of land and develop it by building more housing units. Indeed many people in Kenya lack decent housing and Elizabeth is one of those citizens keen to bridge this gap by providing decent and affordable housing to the people in the lower income bracket. This is another one of the many success stories in Africa and many more continue to happen every day.

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Markus is currently doing a 3 month internship at Gatsby Microfinance Limited in Kampala, Uganda. Gatsby Microfinance has been a MYC4 provider since 2008.

A map showing where Soroti is

A map showing where Soroti is

I am in the sleepy town of Soroti in the North-Eastern part of Uganda. I have accompanied a colleague on a recovery/monitoring trip from the head office to one of our branches. The aim of the trip is to assist in collecting late repayments, monitor practices, and to make sure that the branch is happy.

It is early morning and my colleague from the head office, two local credit officers, a driver, and me get in our 4-wheel drive pick-up truck and head off into the country side. The roads are filled with holes, sometimes there are even sections that have been carried away by floods. So, after being cramped in the back seat with the two credit officers for an hour on a bumpy road with no air condition, we finally arrive at our “in the middle of nowhere”-destination.

We are looking for a man who is three months late on his installments. He owes around 300,000 Ugandan shillings, which is around €90. We find him drinking gin (at 10 in the morning) together with a big group of men that seem to be doing a strange combination of building a house and relaxing in the shade. He seems a little embarrassed to be confronted with his issue in front of his friends, but he claims that he has the money and that we can go and get it from his parents’ house.

Thus, he gets in the back seat and the trip goes on. With the backseat even more crowded, the road even bumpier, and a debt-ridden farmer next to me, it is not a very pleasant ride. After driving for a while we get to a point where we must walk since the road is too narrow. After walking for 20 minutes we get to a small farm. It looks just like something from a discovery channel documentary, with the exception of us four men in shirts and ties with stern faces.

One of the many obstacles in our path

One of the many obstacles in our path

We sit down under a mango tree and wait while he goes into the house to find the money. Then begins a long negotiation. He claims to have only 15,000 shilling. My colleague says that it is not enough. He says we can have a goat instead. We say okay. He brings the goat. It is deemed too young. After much negotiation we conclude that he must pay the money the following day, something he is made to promise on paper with a signature. After this we walk back to the car and drive away.

This is a typical recovery run, tracking down the person who is in debt, and using various means to make him or her pay. Only as a last resort is the security of the loan collected. There is much psychology at play when collecting late repayments, many times people do have the money, but neglect paying because they do not prioritize debts to institutions such as this one. There are several tactics used to pressure people to paying; standing outside the business in suits, visiting their home, making them promise on paper that they will pay, spraying their house with the words “BANK PROPERTY”, or start collecting chattels used as security.

A standard Ugandan small-scale farm

A standard Ugandan small-scale farm

This might all seem a bit harsh, but it is many times necessary to make people pay and to make sure the microfinance institution (MFI) stays in operation. If it were not done, the MFI will eventually go bankrupt, and this would hurt the vast majority that do pay their loans on time and that rely on the capital provided by these MFIs. The fact of the matter is that the number of people that default their loans, or are more than 30 days late with their repayments, is very low (the default rate and PAR30+ is at around 2% and 5% respectively).

If the developing world is to have a working market economy, the same principles must be applied there as those that are at work in the developed world. Ultimately, if the microfinance sector is to become self-sustainable, people need to be accountable for their actions. However, microfinance institutions need to make sure that their clients are given and understand all the relevant information connected to the taking of a loan and that the loan appraisals are done diligently. This is the only way to make sure that loans become good investments for both entrepreneur, MFI, and investor.

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Let’s say you want to invest €100 on MYC4 and want to influence as many people as possible with those money. Both the borrower himself/herself; his/her dependants and his/her employees. Where should you put your money, country- and provider-wise, if that’s your most important parameter?

As you can see in the chart above, KEEF and Tujijenge Uganda have historically had the most people influenced per EUR invested, whereas PRC and Tujijenge Tanzania have had the least. You could also observe the data as ‘Invested amount to support 1 individual (€)’:

As you can see in the table above, this gives you more or less the same conclusion, but emphasizes exactly how much you have to invest, to support one individual.

The data above includes the borrower him/herself, average registered employees for the loan and average registered dependants for the loan. The data only includes loans for which both dependants and employees have been registered. The data does not include people influenced indirectly, such as dependants of employees or such as people in businesses related to the actual investment, which for some industries might have high relevance as well. Ergo, the values are indicative not absolute, logic sense is still much welcome.

A warm thanks to Erik Dam, who gave constructive feedback on my last blogpost ‘How’s employment on your priority list? – Statistics, which you can read here.

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