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Africa is often depicted as a helpless and hopeless continent, and war and disaster are the sensational developments that reach our ears. However, the economic crisis that has been prominent in the developed world can have altered the balance in the world economy.

According to a CNN interview with International Monetary Fund (IMF) chief Christine Lagarde, a major re-engineering is currently taking place between the developed and developing world economies. A number of African countries have enjoyed higher growth rates than Europe and the United States in recent times, as many western nations remain mired in financial turmoil.

Emerging markets are playing a role that is much bigger, much more important in terms of leadership than they did, say, 10, 15 years ago. Christine Lagarde, IMF Chief

We are currently undergoing a re-organization, which is good in the main, because there were massive imbalances and those imbalances are unbeneficial for the global economy, she explains.

The African continent in and of itself has had a growth rate that was significantly higher than the EU and US, in the range of 6% lately. It holds significant commodities that are so needed for the growth of other countries. Trade with China, she uses as an example, which is dependent on raw materials for its own development, has created alternative sources of growth that differ from the traditional trade links with Europe. These are new opportunities for African countries to develop and strengthen.

However, youth unemployment is one of the biggest challenges facing Africa’s countries, she argues, and Africa’s growing economies should put job creation at the heart of their development policies.

There is a vibrant youth that is expecting the leadership of those countries to open the economy so that they can actually express their talent and find ways to get integrated in the job market.

From both a business and developmental point of view, linkage between emerging markets and a young and able workforce should be emphasized in focus and coverage so that the African economy can change with the tide and benefit the global economy.

This linkage is precisely the core focus of MYC4. Economic and social development through job creation is the path we have taken. Here, business and investment is utilized in order to reach remote areas and help entrepreneurs expand their small and medium sized businesses. By expansion through capital investment, entrepreneurs are able to hire more employees. MYC4 believes that this expansion will lead to job creation and, therethrough, social and economic development in rural areas, and eventually, on a larger scale, in Africa as a whole.

Risk sharing is among the measures that were introduced by MYC4 to mitigate risk as the learning curve fast progressed. The risk share agreements are limited to default risk only. The providers commit to pay all amounts due at the time of default including accrued interest and penalties. A default situation on MYC4 is deemed to occur after 180 days of non-payment by the borrowers. The Central Bank of Kenya classifies a loan that is late for more than 180 days as doubtful, and those more than 360 days as loss or due for write-off. The defaulted loans do not accrue any interest after they default; however any accrued interest at point of default must be paid.

MYC4 Africa Director, Eric Naivasha, and a provider signing risk share contract

To ensure that providers consistently have funds to pay the loans as they default, MYC4 requires that they set aside some funds, equivalent of 20% of the loan balance. The percentage of funds set aside is ideally meant to be equivalent to the default risk of an institution. The industry standard for default risk is about 2%; thus MYC4 takes a prudent approach to this by requiring a wider safety net. Providers have several options for providing for the 20% including bank accounts controlled jointly with MYC4, bank guarantees, escrow accounts in favor of MYC4, government paper and other financial instruments that MYC4 can legally place a lien on.

The risk share fund was introduced to align practices on MYC4 with best practice in finance. The belying factor is that when microfinance institutions (MFIs) borrow funds from any lender, they are required to pay back 100% of the loan plus interest at determined periodic intervals, regardless of whether the borrowers pay or not (on MYC4 they are only required to remit repayments that they receive from borrowers). On this understanding MYC4 now requires that the MFIs provide 100% risk share (Definitely now it is time to change the name from risk share to risk guarantee: However, this is debatable as the MFIs only guarantee default risk while the investors bear all currency risk).

Example of Star Rating as it appears on the MYC4 platform

The risk share agreement feeds into the risk score of the providers, commonly referred to as the star rating on MYC4. The star rating is a range of 0 to 5 with 5 stars being the best performance. The percentage covered per loan (currently set as 100% for all providers) and the percentage of outstanding portfolio covered by risk share fund (currently set as 20% for most providers) are two of three factors under the “will” category of the risk rating. The other factor under will category is the ratio of repayment fees over closing fees: partners that earn the higher percentage of their fees from collections/ repayments are deemed to have more will to manage risk than those that earn more from closing/ processing fee.

The other category in the star rating is referred to as “skill” and it captures performance related parameters. This category contains some parameters that are updated on a daily basis by the system automatically. These include PAR31+, Change in PAR31+ in last 6 months, worst PAR31+ in last 12 months, default rate and sum of repayments over total disbursed. Other parameters in the category skill are updated periodically as reviews are conducted. These include spot check score (every 6 months), annual review/ due diligence, and external rating for the last 12 months.

To read more about Risk Sharing follow this link. To read more about MYC4′s most recent spot checks, click here.

We have had a good start to the year with a strong first quarter. A total of 725,000 euro was disbursed which is a growth of more than 40 % compared to the previous quarter. This growth is fully in line with our strategy for 2012 – described in more detail in the post 2012 – Challenges and Opportunities – and we aim to grow the volume further in the second quarter. To do so, we need more money on the MYC4 platform – make sure to read about our search for more liquidity here.

Portfolio Performance (by loans disbursed each quarter) - Current Providers

The quality of the portfolio disbursed by current providers after Q2 2009 continues to be good. So far, more than 73 % of 5.42 million has been fully repaid to investors while around 2 % has defaulted. The graph above shows the current performance of this portfolio (i.e. repaid, on time, late more than 30 days, defaulted) divided by quarter disbursed. The first quarter of 2012 ended with a portfolio at risk (PAR) above 30 days of 5 % which is the best result since late 2008 and our target in terms of quality.

With regards to the profit and loss, there have also been significant positive developments over the last three months. The East African currencies, especially the Kenyan and Ugandan shilling, seem to have stabilised, and MYC4 investors have in this process received net currency gains of 30,000 euro on loans disbursed in the second half of 2011 – thereby balancing out some of the losses from the first six months of last year. The net return for investors on loans disbursed by our current providers after Q2 2009 is now 3.5 % before currency and -0.1 % after currency. The chart below shows the profit and loss for each quarter (click to enlarge).

Profit & Loss (by loans disbursed each quarter) - Current Providers

Kindly note that the performance of the 2008/2009 portfolio has been analysed in detail in previous portfolio performance posts, see e.g Portfolio Performance 2010 and Portfolio Performance 2011: Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4.

As a direct result of popular demand, we are today re-launching the MYC4 Investor Forum. Follow this link, or click on the picture below, to go to the new forum.

The forum is entirely devoted to you, the MYC4 investors. Here you can discuss and talk about any issue related to MYC4, lending and Africa in general. The objective of the new forum is both to create a platform in which investors can give each other support and help, as well as a place where you can find like-minded people with an interest in development, lending, or both.

We would like to emphasise that although we will monitor the activities on the forum and take note of relevant ideas and queries, MYC4 will not be using it as a communications channel to investors. We will not answer any questions about the activities of MYC4 or our services directly on this forum. For any specific questions e-mail us at info@myc4.com or go to the FAQ section on the MYC4 platform. For the time being, we are linking to the Forum here from the blog, but in the next couple of weeks we will make sure to also add a direct link on the platform.

On a final note, we encourage you as a user of the investor forum to be as transparent as possible about who you are in relation to MYC4. This will not only increase the possibility of your comments or suggestions having an actual effect on MYC4, it will also contribute to a more honest and pleasant atmosphere in the forum. Therefore we would appreciate it if you could have a link to your MYC4 account in your forum profile.

We hope as many investors as possible will enjoy this opportunity to learn and get to know one another.

It’s another beautiful, sunny day in Kenya, one I do not have to spend entirely in the office – yay! I’ve just arrived in Rironi, north-west of Nairobi along with chief operations officer Cyrus and loan officer Peter both from KEEF. It’s only a few minutes’ drive off the main road, but I can already feel the Nairobi-stress leaking out of my body. It’s a slower pace here. Birds chirping merrily. In many ways it reminds me of my own childhood in a small village with ten houses spread around a small pond in the Danish country side, years before I started my own yuppie-life in Copenhagen.

Having a chat with the first arrived

We’ve parked the car in a small, dusty school yard, which is where the loan group has its monthly rendezvous.  The group consists exclusively of women – normally the only man allowed is Peter, the loan officer. Each month every group member transfers a savings amount via M-PESA (read about this in a previous blog post) before the meeting, and loan disbursements are made via the cell phones likewise. The methodology is quite simple actually: the more a group member saves, the more she can borrow. At first they can borrow from the groups’ accumulated savings, and after proving that one’s a stable and creditworthy borrower, KEEF allows her to take on a MYC4-loan.

Take Susan Muthoni Njuguna for instance – who you can lend to right now. From the savings in the group she borrowed approx. €200 to buy a cow in 2010. Today, with her own savings of nearly €135, she’s requesting a MYC4-loan of €586 to buy her third cow, and this time of a better quality – more milk, higher profit. In a few years Susan has gone from ‘being idle’, in her own words, to having a farming business with three cows.

Susan at her cows getting photographed for her MYC4-loan

Her loan is to be paid back in 18 months, which Susan herself describes as a too short payback period. However, this means that her asset, the cow, will still generate revenue for her, long after she paid off the loan! The group of women seems fully aware of this, since many of them agree that they have to prioritise here and now, but it’s worth it in the long run.

Another aspect I find interesting, is, that Susan tells me that she was still saving more, parallel to repaying her last loan from the group(!). And as Cyrus from KEEF informs me, over 80 % of their borrowers in general repay their loan sooner than expected. Interesting indications I’d say.

When it comes to personality and human qualities, my expectations for this loan group was rather high. As I wrote in my own notes the day before we went on the visit:

I expect to meet people who are really making an effort to increase their living standard, hard-working, committed, happy people. People who do not take their life for granted. People who deserve more than myself, to have a good life, because they have worked for it every single day, and haven’t had everything served on a silver platter from the day they were born.

From what I can tell from a very limited time together with these women: That describes exactly who I met.

The new round of spot checks was conducted between November and December 2011. The main objectives were:

  1. To ascertain that the data as it appears on the MYC4 platform is the same as that on the providers records.
  2. To verify that the loans are actually given to bona fide clients.
  3. To establish whether the providers are adhering to their policies and procedures approved by MYC4 at the time of carrying due diligence on the providers.
  4. To identify gaps in capacity that may be addressed through a capacity building program; as well as sharing industry best practice with the providers.

The spot checks were conducted on four of our partners namely, Gatsby Microfinance Limited (Uganda), Micro Africa (Uganda and Rwanda), and Premier Resource Consulting (Ghana).

Spot check was not conducted on other existing partners for one of three reasons: 1) they were still in their pilot stage (these include KEEF, BELITA, Tujijenge Uganda); 2) their activity levels on the platform were not sufficient to justify the exercise (these included Tujijenge Tanzania and Micro Africa, Kenya Operations); and 3) the partners have suspended or are no longer uploading fresh loans to the MYC4 platform (these included Growth Africa, Makao Mashinani and Fusion).

It was a pleasure to note that not only were the institutions visited running their operations professionally, but that they had a learning culture of wanting to innovate and improve. Three of the institutions visited had good organisation structures with essential, functional departments, separation of duties, defined authorisation levels. There was good reliance on MIS with reports being generated regularly and used to inform decisions. There was also good corporate governance, with properly functioning Board of Directors, in most of the visited institutions.

Borrower signing the MYC4 consent form

Overall, it was positive improvement in the partners’ operations compared to previous spot-checks. This time, no partner had a declining score. All partners had made efforts to correct anomalies pointed out in previous spot checks. Among the improvements included: Introduction of loan assessment forms by a partner that did not previously use, there was also vast improvement in filing, documentation and collateral perfection. All partners are now utilising the MYC4 consent form. Some of the issues identified included: Some institutions did not consider certain elements in credit appraisal such as bank statement and previous external borrowing history (these are especially important on the larger loans); there was some lack of consistency in collateral procedures within some institutions.

MYC4 will in the second quarter finalise pilot review of the three partners currently in the pilot stage. The pilot review for Belita has already been completed by our Africa Director, Eric Naivasha. Among the major findings were that there was data integrity in relation to MYC4 platform and Belita has just completed migration into a new MIS platform; assessment of large loans, collateral perfection, and governance were identified as areas for improvement.

As we announced here on the blog last week (in the post Impact Investing – Utilizing MYC4 as an Investment Vehicle for Socially Responsible Investing), we are currently looking to increase the available liquidity on the MYC4 platform. One important step in that direction is to engage our Providers in fundraising through their networks – and even for them  to participate directly in funding their own loans.

The largest MYC4 Provider, Gatsby Microfinance Ltd, has made the first move this week by opening an investor account that holds 60,000 euro. The account has been set up with an auto bid to ensure that Gatsby bids 10 % of the loan amount on all their loans. So far, they have made 6 bids.  While this definitely increases the chances of their loans funding, it is far from enough – they still need help from other investors.

Gatsby has bid 10 % of the loan amount on each of their open loans

One alert investor, Peter Dörrie, has already picked up on this development and writes about it on his blog:

I think that this is a generally positive development. This way, providers can put money where their mouth is and build trust with other investors, by committing some of their resources into loans on the MYC4 platform. Depending on how providers manage their investment portfolio, this could also lead to fewer underfunded and cancelled loans.

But herein lies a certain danger as well. Providers could be tempted to use their investor status to push down the interest on their own loan portfolio. After all, they are already getting a fixed share of the profits, so why not lower the interest rate just a bit further to make their offer more attractive to borrowers?

What do you think? Go to Peter’s new blog MYC4 Investor to discuss this and other questions with him.

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